Category:

South-east European culture

Montenegro

Balkan music

Is Ricky Martin Montenegrin?

Looking for a good night out Balkan-style?

Montenegro will be celebrating the 20th anniversary of the restoration of its independence today, 21 May, with a giant free concert on the aptly named Trg Nezavisnosti (Independence Square) in the centre of the nation’s capital Podgorica. It promises to be a huge event!

The headliner?

Of course, that champion of Montenegrin independence, Ricky Martin.

By the way, there will also be a slew of Montenegrin pop singers – the usual suspects and many of them having represented Montengro at Eurovision: Sergej Ćetković, Nenad Knežević Knez, Bojan Marović, No Name (wow!), Daniel Popović, Andrijana Božović, Nina Žižić, Milena Vučić, Isak Šabanović, Tamara Živković, Baryak, Samir Ramović, Bubnjivi & Psi.

This being a “respectable” event means there are no turbo folk singers invited, nor are there any Belgrade-based Montenegrin singers in this line-up. Perhaps big names such as Boban Rajović, Dado Polumenta, Šako Polumenta, Vlado Georgiev or even Rambo Amadeus (who coined the term “turbo folk” and even represented Montenegro at 2012 Eurovision) would have been there.

Interestingly, no Jadranka Barjaktarević, a controversial Montenegrin turbo folk singer who had the honour of being banned from entry into Serbia. The irony is that she was most famous for coming third on the second season of the most popular singing audition show in the region, the Belgrade-based Zvezde Granda. She has worn her Montenegrin-ness on her sleeve ever since, such as with this number Dupla s čemerom (A Double with Sadness) from 2012 featuring the gusle, the instrument most symbolic of Montenegro. But in 2020, Barjaktarević earned her ban from entering Serbia, and effectively cutting herself from her biggest market, from the outrage after she sang popular 1980s Neo-Folk song Ne može nam niko ništa (“Nobody Can Do Anything to Us”) but changed the line after to jači smo od Srbije (“we are stronger than Serbia”). The ban has since been lifted, but in a defiance emulating that of Croatian superstar Oliver Dragojević, Barjaktarević has vowed never to step foot in Serbia ever again. Many others had said that before… and relented when huge amounts of money have been thrown at them. Still, you’d think that with patriotic songs like Crna Gora je moj dom (“Montenegro is my Home”) that Barjaktarević would’ve been up there shaking her bon-bon with Ricky Martin…

So why have Ricky Martin there?

This is part of Balkan practice for blowing budgets on big-name stars to appear at major public events in a classic case of bread and circuses. While there never seems any taxpayer-funded public budgets to tackle some of the most pressing of issues such as fixing critical infrastructure – public roads, facilities or transport, there always seems to be money for lavish celebrations often engaging a high-profile star to perform in front of the unwashed masses for free in the central square or local stadium of villages, towns and large cities for some big event. New Year’s Eve is the primary night of the year for this, where in the lead-up to the najluđa noć (“the craziest night”) of the year, the media in the Balkans provide non-stop reporting on which big-name star is performing in which city or town… and the mouth-watering appearance fees they’ll be earning. Turbo folk superstar Ceca and rock star turn brass band showman Goran Bregović always end up cashing in the most, with both of them earning up to 200,000 euros on the night.

Many of these cities justify spending so much on these stars claiming that many people from neighbouring cities and even countries will come just to see these singers perform, pumping the local economy with good money into accommodation and hospitality venues. However, considering many of these visitors usually just drive in for the concert of their favourite star and then just leave once it’s over, such justifications are often quite feeble.

One place that can rightfully claim that they get a return for their investment here is Montenegro, and particularly the coastal resort towns. Budva, one of the most established of these towns, has its tourist infrastructure primarily catering for regional tourists, and that includes being the site of some of the biggest discos in the Balkans playing local music and hosting big-name stars to lure visitors. Getting in big names to perform there for the New Year period right in the middle of the winter, an otherwise dead season for coastal tourism, ensures that the main towns on the Montenegrin Riviera are all-year destinations and keeps the local economy pumping. This Serbian tabloid’s report from October 2025 announced who’ll be singing for New Year’s Eve that year in Budva – all big regional names with big appearance fees.

Otherwise, the reverse in seasons happens at some ski-dominant resorts in the Balkans, where places like Bansko in Bulgaria or Zlatibor in Serbia will hold concerts of huge names during the summer months.

But in most cases, getting these big stars to perform in their non-descript town can be used for one-upmanship purposes and to show off how much more influential the town, and ultimately its mayor, are in stature in relation to, or despite, population size. Locals then can laud their town is better than rival nearby towns because they get bigger stars to perform at their town’s special day, giving them something shallow to be proud of. An example of this is the small town of Hadzhidimovo, population 4500, located in a forgotten corner of southern Bulgaria within earshot of a forgotten corner of northern Greece, whose mayor loves boasting how he’s such close friends with some of the biggest singing stars in the Balkans that he’s been able to get them to come and do concerts in his fair town – something bigger towns in the vicinity and beyond can only dream of.

So getting someone as internationally famous as Ricky Martin to sing in Podgorica now is a bit of a coup and will get people from all over Montenegro and from neighbouring countries to come and visit the Montenegrin capital. However, there has been some backlash from the Montenegrin public regarding the expect huge amount of money spent on today’s event. The Montenegrin government, though, has countered this, as stated on the Podgorica tourism website, by claiming: “This extraordinary artistic event is envisioned as a gift from the state to the citizens of Montenegro. The arrival of an artist whose name symbolises top-level production and a universal musical language confirms the intention to mark two decades since the restoration of independence in a truly magnificent way.” Isn’t that nice of them!

But any mention that Ricky Martin is gay? OK, that’s the topic for another article altogether… but to sum it all up, it’s been conveniently muted.

Only big names, and a tribute band, in the week-long line of free concerts for the New Year period in the resort town Budva

So of all stars, why have the Montenegrins managed to rope in Ricky Martin?

A friend of mine did ask whether then he has some sort of Montenegrin connection?

No, there’s no apparent personal connection between Montenegro and Martin, apart from both names starting with M and the former will be paying the latter.

But then again, if we apply the logic that Serbian writer Dragoslava Koprivica used to claim that Fidel Castro is Serbian, no-one has ever proven that Ricky Martin isn’t Montenegrin.

And if all that fails, do what one overzealous Macedonian Shakira fan did when in the mid-2000s they edited her IMDb and Wikipedia entries to say she’s part Macedonian. This was immediately accepted as fact, no questions asked. Even The Guardian quoted she has Macedonian roots. However, in February 2007, at a press conference in Berlin, Germany, on the second European stop of Shakira’s Oral Fixation tour, Macedonian TV radio presenter Zhivkica Gurchinovska was chosen out of field of over 500 journalists present to ask one of the four questions Shakira’s people had allowed time for her to answer. Gurchinovska simply asked Shakira whether she has Macedonian ancestry on account that IMDB claims she is of Colombian, Lebanese and Macedonian origin. Shakira answered with a laugh saying that she is the great, great, great-grandchild of Alexander the Great... but then added that the information on IMDB is sadly not true, but did she say she really would love to have Macedonian origins – very diplomatic of her. Still, the damage has been done and a quick internet search of “Shakira Macedonian” will still bring up many articles based on this false link.

There’s actually a whole industry of pseudo-history in the Balkans, filling up local tabloids with articles of how everyone and anyone of note has some sort of [insert ethnicity] origin. And no ethnic group can claim the moral high ground here – they all do it!

Bulgarians insist that the Macedonians claiming Alexander the Great as their own is laughable and a sign of their “blind nationalism”, using the books written by fringe amateur historian Aleksandar Donski as evidence... though it’s perfectly fine when a Bulgarian in all seriousness claims that Jesus was Bulgarian and all the stories from the Bible happened in the Balkans, or when any of the crackpot historians on extreme-right-wing Bulgarian TV station SKAT (yes, that’s its name) have something to say. Hey, according to one Bulgarian “academic”, every Russian luminary, from Peter the Great to Pushkin to Putin, are of Bulgarian background. It’s all very “take the red pill, sheeple!” stuff.

Just a quick look into the comments for anything related to Albanian politics and history will get commenters claiming that everything is Albanian. Well, many do firmly believe that they were the first people in the Balkans and everyone else are jolly-come-latelies. The Slavs being in the Balkans for 1400 years is the equivalent of an overnight stay, apparently. That means all of the characters from Ancient Greece you know are all Albanian. After all, one of the theories behind the name of Albania’s currency, the lek, is that it’s named after Alexander the Great, otherwise known as Leka i Madh in Albanian, as the Albanians claim him as their own. The first 1 lek coin featured Alex on one side and the reverse showed him on his horse Bucephalus.

But the ultimate in internet stars in claiming everything comes from their ethnic group is the late Jovanka Jolić, whose whackadoodle claims ranging from the Serbs being the oldest people on Earth to Elon Musk being from Republika Srpska in Bosnia and Herzegovina, made her the butt of many a joke amongst the level-headed in the region.

It’s to the point that brilliant Belgrade-based satirical news portal njuz.net even did its own (deliberately false) claim – that Lady Gaga is actually the pseudonym for Dragana Miladinović, and really originates from the town of Kruševac in Serbia. And how did they come to detecting such a link? Well, Gaga is the diminutive for the common Serbian (and Balkan) female name Dragana, so how could she not be Serbian? And for an article from 2010, Njuz.net were very much ahead of its time by claiming their source as an anonymous person with the initials A.I. While their Zagreb satirist colleagues newsbar.hr had their own spoof article claiming Croatian archaeologists have yet to confirm that Jesus was a Croat, though they’re still working on it, but they are absolutely certain that Judas was a Serb given he kissed three times (Serbs traditionally greet with three kisses, Croats greet with two).

Of course, all this is wrong because everything and everyone is Greek. Just ask Helen and Stelios. And my Greek uncle fully endorses this! This is a true story – he once told my mother, with full conviction and with no irony whatsoever, that the Moon is Greek, and the reason being is because he saw it first in the night sky in Greece.

How about you? Are you really from the Balkans just that you haven’t realised it? Then we can get one of our distinguished “historians” to prove it based on the most spurious of notions. And then we can celebrate with a giant free Ceca concert in the middle of town. Sorted! Ne može nam niko ništa!

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Nick Nasev smiling

Hi, zdravo, bok, zdravei, g'day! I’m Nick Nasev, an Aussie of Balkan background living in the UK. I’ve been a translator and editor for 20+ years. If you have an interest in languages and all things Balkan, Eastern European, Australian and beyond, along with a dash of corny and irony, then stick with me as I rant about my experiences and stories.

Your text deserves to be taken seriously; have it translated and edited with confidence.

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Bunnies are considered cute and loveable… except in Australia 🇦🇺, where they’re a major scourge🤬.

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The time when George Bush Senior figuratively told the Aussies where to go…

Have you unwittingly done a hand gesture that meant something completely different in another country? Here’s a true story…

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Australian English: Calisthenics

Calisthenics is a form of body strength training worldwide. Not in Australia though, where "calisthenics" has a completely different meaning.

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International Women’s Day (IWD). A day of campaigning ♀ … or a day to buy flowers 💐

🪃 In Australia, IWD is a day of campaigning and awareness, elements that are much closer to the day’s original purpose of bringing mainstream attention to issues affecting women.

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Australian English: BOM

Australia's weather bureau thought it had a branding problem with its explosive acronym. How solving it bombed when Aussies had their say about it.

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What is one of Australia's iconic sounds?

No, it's nothing to do with an animal call. It's a sound that international music stars have even sampled...

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Australian English: '-or' vs '-our'

"But '-or' spellings are American?" has said many an Aussie. But are they really? Not exactly. Find out how and where there are exceptions to the rule in Australian English.

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Why Australian media give warnings of deceased Indigenous people?

The recent case of Kumajayi Little Baby shows how Australian media handle indigenous mourning protocols. Here are the details and background to them.

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Australian English: Anzac Day

Parades, dawn services, two-up, biscuits... What you need to know about Australia (and New Zealand's) veteran's day. Plus, why the day is more important to some Aussies than others.

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Australian English: Easter and shops

What's open and what's not this Easter in Australia...Time to give a real-life example of Australian English.

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Australian English: pokies

Found in most pubs, clubs and casinos throughout Australia, the pokies are an important feature of Australian social culture. But what are they? Find out here...

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You fetta believe it! Australian feta, parmesan and prosecco remain.

Feta or white cheese? Prosecco or sparkling wine? How will the new EU-Australia free-trade agreement (not) affect the terms Aussies use for certain products

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Australian English: farewell and vale

No, I'm not leaving here. Linguistically, Australians actually have unique ways of bidding farewell to someone who's going for a long time... or forever.

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Australian English: to farewell

Yet another unexpected Australian-ism I and an internet superstar recently discovered...

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Australian English: demo

Aussies love shortening words and ending cutesy endings to them. But what happens when the same shortened word could mean multiple things?

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Australians laughing at ChatGPT's US English default when Aussies use it

If Australia's answer to the Onion is making fun of how AI uses US English as a default, then that means Aussies notice when you're using it in your text and copy. But there's a solution to this...

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How you can tell that an Australian wrote English text... without being told?

Are your international customers getting your message? Are you aware that some of the words, phrases and terms you use could have no or a different meaning elsewhere. That's where you need your copy and text reviewed for your target audience.

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Australian English: pay out

Yet another quirky Aussie phrasal verb that has a completely different meaning to what you'd think

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Christmas in Australia: ho ho ho in the summer heat!

Christmas in the long hot days of summer? Yes, that's the case in Australia. Here's a rundown of how Aussies do Chrissie...

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Australian English: If you drink, then drive, you're a bloody idiot!

Where did this classic Aussie saying come from and how did it change Australia dramatically...

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Australian English: regional

You start your application to migrate to Australia and then you come across all these references to "regional". What does this term mean specifically in Australia? All explained here.

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Australian English: bushwalking

A bushwalk, tramp or hike? They all mean the same thing, just they're country-dependent. Which countries?

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Australian English: Ugg boots

The whole world seems it can't get enough of Australia's own Ugg boots. But do you know Aussies (and Kiwis) follow a strict rule when it comes to the fleecy footwear?

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So what's the latest with Australian English?

Back from my Aussie trip. Here are some things about Aussie English I discovered this time.

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Australian English: Abbo

Australian English loves shortening words and names and banging an '-ie' or '-o' at the end. But you need to be careful when to do it, as this case shows...

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So I go all the way to Australia to do this...

Off to the beach? Avoid the snakes and sharks? No... something completely different but expected from me.

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Australian English: donga

Dongas come in many sizes and are often found Down Under in the outback. What's an Australian donga and the disputed origin of the term...

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Australian English: FIFO, DIDO and BIBO

Three work-related Australian acronyms heard very often throughout the country. Do you know what they mean? And what work is associated with them?

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Australian English: quenda vs qanda

Quenda or qanda? These two uniquely Australian terms may sound the same but refer to two very different things. Find out more here...

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September is not when school starts in Australia...

When targeting your copy and text for Australia, you also need to take into account that our calendar is different.

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Australian English: thongs

Aussies love wearing thongs outdoors. But does "thongs" mean the same in Australia as it does in other countries? Find out here...

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Australian English: showbag

Find out more about this uniquely Australian item, much loved by Aussie kids and adults through the decades, and how come it's an essential part of any ongoing marketing campaign for many products and brands in Australia.

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Australian English: VP Day

Even historic international events can have different names in Australia, such as the victory in World War II.

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Australian English: programme vs program

Which one is the accepted spelling in Australia? You might be surprised at the answer!

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Neighbours' greatest con and contribution to the world...

Do you know what the biggest thing the long-running Australian TV series Neighbours brought to the world? And why did the soap show a rather skewed image of Australian suburbia?

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Australian English: shopping centre vs mall

Are these terms the same in Australia? Well, it depends, but it comes with a major warning. And what's the generic trademark some Aussies use instead?

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How did I get to know about Australian English?

What can I say? How I learnt what makes Australian English what it is by simple communication and more. And what are the two things most native English speakers don't realise?

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Australian English: working bee, op shop, street directory

The last round of unique Australian English terms that I've discovered by chance.

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If it's not on, it's not on

How an Australian 1990s safe sex slogan skillfully used the many meanings of a common colloquial phrasal verb to great effect. But would this work for an international audience?

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Is it Father's Day in Australia and New Zealand this Sunday?

Are you sure that Father's Day in Australia and New Zealand is in June?

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To feta or white cheese it, that's the question

Trade negotiations between the EU and Australia fell through over the names of cheeses and wines, of all things. But will a restart of negotiations bring about a breakthrough? And what product name should you use for the Australian market?

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Australian English: abroad vs overseas

There are a number of seemingly ordinary English words that can get Aussies thinking 'that's not right'. Here's the case with one...?

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Australian English: So what happened to all those Covid-related slang words?

Rona, RAT, quazza... remembering the now-lost Aussie slang of the early 2020s Covid pandemic

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Australian English: smoko, bludge, chuck a sickie

Bludging on a smoko as if you've chucked a sickie? Welcome to work-related Australian English vocab about not working!

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Australian English: wag

No, it's not what you might think. A classic case of an Australian English term going from slang to accepted formal speech

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Australian English: little boys

Get the tomato sauce out, we're having little boys! But what does this term mean for some Aussies?

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Australian English: biscuit... and the 'c' word!

Aussies love their biscuits, but call them by the 'c' word can even get you fined! What word is this?

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Chinwag Tuesday podcast with Amanda Boyne

Want to hear how I speak in Australian English with another Australian English specialist? Here's your chance

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Australian English: Sharpies and Textas (texters)

You can tell how old an Australian is by asking what these terms mean, and what does this have to do with Australia's only ever truly local youth sub-culture?

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Australian English: your Australian election vocab list

Liberal, teal, electorate, corflute, democracy sausage... Here's your indispensable guide to Australian election terminology

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Australian English: on your L's and P's

Do you know what "she's on her P's" means? It's something all Australians understand. And how does this relate to a term that's different in most English-dominant countries?

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Australian English: tap, tag or touch?

How do you describe using a payment card to use public transport in Australia? It depends where in Australia you are...

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Australian English: maths or math

Want to get Aussies angry? Ask this mathematical question...

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Australian English: village

Are there villages in Australia? Well, yes, but not how the rest of the world sees it. Find out what makes a village in Oz...

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Do I translate into Australian?

Many people are shocked when they find out I'm a translator, but their jaws drop even more when I tell them that I also 'translate' into Australian English.

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Australia Day/Invasion Day: the Lamb Ad!

Would you believe that one of the most anticipated events in the lead-up to Australia's national day on 26 January is... an ad about eating lamb! More about the vibe here...

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Anyone up for a 'Krizmoz parti'?

Do you know your Krizmoz from your Bozhik? How some Orthodox Christians in diaspora communities differentiate between the two Christmases.

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Australia and New Zealand do seasons a little differently...

Why wishing your clients, friends and relatives in Australia a happy start to summer on December 21st is not the way to do it...

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Australian English: peanut butter or peanut paste?

Tread carefully! The extraordinary story of this salty Australian regionalism and how it can ignite passions worthy of a civil war.

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Australian English: deffo, devo, defo...

Australian English is famous for its diminutives, i.e. shortened words. Do you know what these ones mean?

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Macquarie Dictionary's 2024 word of the year is...

Australia's prime source for all things Australian English has picked its word for 2024. And this time, I agree!

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Indian and Australian English... the links between them

India and Australia have common bonds that go beyond a passion for cricket. Here are a few words that Indian and Australian English uniquely share...

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What's the name of this famous Australian natural landmark?

One of Australia's most visited tourist sites has two official names, but Aussies almost exclusively use one of them. Do you know which one?

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Australian English: one for the Petrolheads!

Aussies love their cars, so here are a few car-related words for you...

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Can the "world's most accurate translator" do Australian English?

Does DeepL live up to its claim of being "the world's most accurate translator" when it comes to Aussie English? Get ready for some zingers!

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Australian English: is it email and/or e-mail?

Welcome to confusion with "email" in Australia. It's generational...

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Australian English: scull/skull, stinker, flow-on effect, rock up, slippery dip...

Here's the latest round up of some uniquely Aussie words to add to your vocabulary...

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Australian English, Olympics edition: "Boomers croak in medal tilt"

Do you get what is being said here? Unless you're Australian, it's not what you think...

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Australian (Olympics) English: battered sav, hello boys, crazy date, flat bags, goose...

How a comedy routine during the 2000 Sydney Olympics provided Australia with its own, very naughty, gymnastics lexicon!

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Why are Aussies so good at swimming?

To get away from the sharks! Nah, it's more than that.

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Australian English: "We're de factos!"

Many Australians are in "de facto relationships". What are these and how do they differ from marriage?

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Burger King vs Hungry Jacks. Is there a difference?

Is Burger King the drama? How come there's no Burger King in Australia but you can still get a Whopper? A story of how a technicality turned an alternative brand into a part of local Australian identity, and how that was almost usurped.

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Poor Gina...

The lady doth protest too much, methinks. Australia's richest woman, mining magnate Gina Rinehart got more than what she bargained for when she wanted a portrait of her taken down. And how does wine figure into this too?

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Australian etiquette: the Outback Driving Wave

It’s all about being friendly when driving out in “woop woop” (the middle of nowhere) in Australia. A definite must-do!

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Watch out for the killer squirrels! It’s “silly season”… or is that “cucumber season”?

Watch out for the killer squirrels! 🐿️ We’re very much in “silly season” right now in the UK 🤪

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Three everyday words that exist in Australian English only!

Ask what’s most unique about Australian English 🪃, the answers usually are our accent and slang✔️. However, there are also a number of uniquely Australian English words in regular use, even in formal situations, that Australians are surprised to find are not used everywhere else in the English-speaking world (OK, sometimes also in New Zealand🥝, […]

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Watch out, here comes the Aussie version of The Office…

Are you a fan of the cult TV comedy show The Office?🕺And which version: the UK one 🇬🇧? The US one 🇺🇸? The French one 🇫🇷? The Indian one 🇮🇳 or any of the other 13 variants made? 📣 News in is that an Australian 🇦🇺 version of The Office will be hitting our screens […]

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So what are Fantales?

They are chocolate-covered chewy caramels 🍬 that were often so hard to bite into that they kept many dentists in business 🦷. Nothing particularly unique so far, you might think.

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What’s a “bank holiday”? Do Aussies say that too?

Do Aussies have "bank holidays" like in the UK? Well, it's complicated

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Vale Barry Humphries!

Last Saturday Australian 🇦🇺 🎭 comedy legend Barry Humphries passed away aged 89.

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Australian English: "You can find the Doonas in Manchester”

Now this might sound a bit random but this is something you’ll hear all the time, in all places, in department stores in Australia. How come?

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Eshays and Adlays: Australia’s answer to London’s Roadmen

Eshays and Adlays: the latest bunch of Pig-Latin-speaking, Nike-wearing young bogans (vilified poor working-class people) to cause massive moral panic in Australia 🇦🇺

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Move over Easter Bunny 🐇 … make way for the Easter Bilby! 🪃

Bunnies are considered cute and loveable… except in Australia 🇦🇺, where they’re a major scourge🤬.

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The time when George Bush Senior figuratively told the Aussies where to go…

Have you unwittingly done a hand gesture that meant something completely different in another country? Here’s a true story…

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Australian English: Calisthenics

Calisthenics is a form of body strength training worldwide. Not in Australia though, where "calisthenics" has a completely different meaning.

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Seachange, Treechange, E-change

Something Australian (but no way uniquely) today…Do you fancy an escape from the rat race and going for a seachange 🌊, treechange 🌳 or e-change 💻?

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Two years as a Chartered Linguist!

Two years ago I attained the highest qualification for translators, Chartered Linguist. And I'm the only one in the UK for the languages I work from.

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5 May – Macedonian Language Day

How come Macedonian Language Day is on 5 May, and what strict rule makes spoken Macedonian sound so distinct?

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Tales from ethnic radio (part 3)

What happens when our listeners can't understand what's supposed to be "their" language? The battle between standard languages and their dialects.

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Македонски јазик: Божик или Божиќ?

Секоја година пред празникот се појавува истата дилема: Која форма е „помакедонска“? Еве го одговорот базиран на истражувањата на проф. д-р Елка Јачева-Улчар.

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Merry Christmas vs Happy Holidays

Many in the Anglosphere have a strong opinion about what greeting to use now in December. But in the Balkans, the default has been "Happy Holidays" for decades. Here are the reasons why.

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When cheese is not simply cheese – kashkaval and sirene/sirenje

How come in some Balkan countries there is no simple word for "cheese"... and how two distinct types of cheese came to monopolise these markets.

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What does "region" mean to you?

"Region" has different meanings in different places. In the countries of ex-Yugoslavia, "region" means something very particular. Do you know what?

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Translation tip: what's with the scare marks?

It's the little things that can cause the biggest misunderstandings. Which one is very common in Balkan translations? Find out ere

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Up for a crazy coupon? How Bulgarians say they want to party...

Are you up for a crazy coupon where you're strutting your stuff on the "dancing"? Perhaps you're a "labour" or a "gender"? A sneak peak into some Bulgarian linguistic false friends

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Let me fix this for you...

Ever seen a notice or ad in a public place written so badly that you've wanted to grab a pen and make corrections? Well, someone did on a Croatian tram. Here's the story...

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Dua Lipa and her "pasosh"

After many decades of Yugoslav rule, Albanian spoken in Kosovo, Macedonia and Montenegro has some Serbo-Croatian words, but particularly in certain areas. Which ones? And why is this not unique?

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I'm like every other woman who works from 7 to 3...

Did Dolly get the words wrong here? No, in ex-Yugoslavia the average work day is a bit different. Find out why here...

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Are you into BCSM?

There once was one "Serbo-Croatian" but now there are four near-identical languages. Can we still use the term "Serbo-Croatian"? Well, it could cost you dearly...

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"Fellow Traveller Zhivkov"

Do you know your deficit from a kupon? Or are you up for joining a brigada? How many aspects and language from communist Bulgaria are still relevant today, but sometimes with a twist.

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Kumpir, the Balkans potato culinary gift to Türkiye

Or is it? On International Day of the Potato, let's look into one of Türkiye's most favourite street foods, and how the Balkans have the Austrians and Germans to thank for the apple, or pear, of the ground.

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24 May: Day of Slavic Literacy and Culture

Today commemorates the saints who brought literacy to the speakers of Slavic languages, and symbolises the shared roots of all Slavic nations and languages.

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Leo, Leon or Lav?

A new pope comes with a new name. But which is the correct one in languages other than English?

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"Filled up 50 years, entered my 51st year and now in my sixth decade"

The way you can refer to age in ex-Yugoslavia is different than in English – they have to make you a year and decade older!

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Can I do Hungarian?

That's quite a list of languages I translate from, but that doesn't mean I translate from every language in Eastern Europe, no matter how similar they may seem even in name...

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Kocani, Kočani or Kochani?

Some Macedonian linguistic pointers

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What's my 'mother language'?

International Mother Language Day and Global Language Advocacy Day are on! So what do I consider to be my 'mother languages' and why one of them is under threat...

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You know Latin, right?

The time when a person working for a translation company that bills itself to clients as an 'expert in languages' thought I knew Latin. Spoiler: I don't. So why did this happen and why does this have a link to Serbian? All revealed here.

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Slovenian, the odd one out

I translate into English from all Southern Slavic languages except one. Sorry, I can't do Slovenian. Here's my apology.

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Anyone up for a 'Krizmoz parti'?

Do you know your Krizmoz from your Bozhik? How some Orthodox Christians in diaspora communities differentiate between the two Christmases.

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Serbo-Croatian? Yes, I still work from it.

3 decades have passed since it officially ceased to exist but I still get requests to translate from Serbo-Croatian. How come?

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I'm now a full member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists of the UK!

Yet another accreditation...

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Hindi/Urdu and Balkan languages... the links between them

There are words that are the same in Hindi and Urdu as in Croatian and Romanian?! How can this be? Find out here...

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Can the "world's most accurate translator" do Australian English?

Does DeepL live up to its claim of being "the world's most accurate translator" when it comes to Aussie English? Get ready for some zingers!

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Why are there so many Turkish words in Balkan languages?

Let's see how Turkish has influenced the languages of the Balkans and further afield. Bujrum!

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False Friend Friday! Time for some Latin-based words

Where the translation gets undone because just because a word looks the same in another language, it doesn't necessarily means the same.

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Watch out for the killer squirrels! It’s “silly season”… or is that “cucumber season”?

Watch out for the killer squirrels! 🐿️ We’re very much in “silly season” right now in the UK 🤪

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Луд купон, the “crazy coupon” Bulgarian party

So who’s having a “crazy coupon” this weekend? 🎉 Wait!✋ A crazy coupon?🎟️😲 What’s that?

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Oldtajmer, evergrin, rekorder, golman… the world of Balkan pseudo-anglicisms

Did you hear about the man who collects “old-timers”? 👴🏽 Or that Frank Sinatra has many “evergreens”? 🌲

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Homonyms maketh the sentence…

How do you say in Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin or Serbian this: “Up there, the mountains burn worse”?👉 Gore gore gore gore.

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Naš jezik at Munich Airport

I’m about to fly off to Australia transiting through Munich Airport 🇩🇪 … so I’m preparing myself to be ready to speak in “naš jezik” (“our language”).

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Ramadan or Ramazan?

The Muslim holy month of Ramadan starts today, but how do you call the month? A case of local vs global of different circumstances

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Is Ricky Martin Montenegrin?

Who needs real evidence? Where the Balkan thing for bread and circuses, and claiming everyone and anyone as they're own, collide. Plus, I reveal Lady Gaga's alleged Balkan roots!

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Why there's no turbo folk/chalga at Eurovision

Disposable, easy pop with a local flavour and pleasing to the eye. You'd think turbo folk/chalga would be ideal for Eurovision, but you won't be seeing it on the big stage. How come...?

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Why Croatia's 2026 Eurovision song is problematic

Croatia's dark ethnic ballad entry for Eurovision 2026 has gained many fans across Europe. But the song is problematic in some aspects...

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"Don't take my picture then!" Arif Heralić and Alija Sirotanović – two socialist Yugoslav icons as one.

Did you know the most recognisable face of socialist Yugoslavia after Tito was of a Roma furnace worker from Bosnia? But many ex-Yugoslavs think it's another Bosnian. Here are their stories...

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May Day in socialist Yugoslavia

Who's up for a picnic? It's time for bean soup. How Tito's Yugoslavia celebrated the "holiday of labour" and what changed over time and what didn't. Oh, and there's that time I got punched.

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Video killed the red star in 1980s Bulgaria and Romania

How video casettes illegally smuggled from the west caused Bulgarians and Romanians to question their communist system in the 1980s. And how are James Bond movies treated in Bulgaria...

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"I'm not a migrant"

The migrant dream: arrive, succeed, then explain why everyone arriving after you is a threat to civilisation – Sami Shah

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Princes Amongst Men is back!

The book that launched my career as a Balkans sensitivity and authenticity reader is back, updated and bigger than ever!

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22 April – Lenin's birthday

So Lenin was one of the world's most prominent revolutionaries, but his legacy lasts by way of... first names and spring cleaning? All is explained here.

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"The buying and selling of votes is a crime" in Bulgaria

The aspects of Bulgarian elections that no-one else talks about. And what does Chalga have to say about it? All aboard the 'Bulgarian train'. Toot, toot!

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The eggs are dyed for Easter!

Yes, it's that time of year again, and I'm glad to say that the eggs turned out great this year.

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8 April – International Romani Day

Today is International Romani Day. Note, not 'Gypsy'. Why this is not the most appropriate term, and how ethnic labels can be complicated.

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Vale Yanka Rupkina!

Famous Bulgarian folk singer and member of the world-famous Trio Bulgarka, Yanka Rupkina, has died. Here is her extraordinary life.

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Lazarus Saturday – the Balkan debutante ball, and Palm Sunday – the Balkan flower festival

The weekend before Easter in Balkan Orthodox Christian societies sees major celebrations for the coming of spring, steeped in pagan origins.

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Tales from ethnic radio (part 2)

How I transitioned from listener to being listened. But first, let's bring in some music. 1990s Macedonian Turbofolk anyone? And what was the (surprising) word we couldn't mention?

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Tales from ethnic radio (part 1)

50 years ago today started the service I loathed as a child... but became my ticket to my future. The crazy yet wonderful world of ethnic, and particularly "Yugoslav", radio in Adelaide, Australia.

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Kostadinka Palazova, the voice of Bojmija, Macedonia (1939–2026)

Legendary Macedonian folk singer Kostadinka Palazova has passed away. Her life has been dedicated to keeping the songs of her birthplace alive in the face of official bans, ethnic cleansing and life in exile.

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When coins matter: stotinki and sixpence for Christmas

Big issue of the day – what coin do you use for your lucky-coin Christmas tradition? It matters to many in the Balkans AND Australia

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Merry Christmas vs Happy Holidays

Many in the Anglosphere have a strong opinion about what greeting to use now in December. But in the Balkans, the default has been "Happy Holidays" for decades. Here are the reasons why.

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19 December is Saint Nicholas Day!

It's a pretty big day in some Orthodox Christian parts of the Balkans – St Nicholas Day. But how come it's happening 13 days after the rest of the world? And what are you not supposed to do today?

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Dan Republike, Yugoslavia's national day

It's been decades since Yugoslavia's national day was a public holiday but it's still commemorated, albeit online by a rock song from the 1980s

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Will they ever learn? Aca Lukas arrested (again) in Macedonia

One of the biggest Turbofolk stars in the Balkans is arrested again, but greater focus is on the venue. Have the lessons from the Pulse nightclub fire been learnt?

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Seeing yourself in colour: Balkan identity through household items and photos

A broom, a forbidden kitchen item for religious holidays, a secret book in Old Church Slavonic, and the colour photo that made my cousin cry. How objects play a vital role in shaping identities.

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The journey of a Balkan song: its chilling present and obscured past

This is not your usual story. It's about a Balkan song's unlikely journey from obscurity to ultra-right-wing rallying call.

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There's something about Tuesdays in the Balkans...

And it's not pretty. Actually, best avoid Tuesdays in the Balkans for your own good. Find out why here...

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Propping up the numbers Balkan-style... because we're "bigger" than you!

[Balkan Nation] + [Protector/Benefactor Superpower] = Inflated Number/Prowess. How some Balkan nations feel the need to prop up their numbers to show how “big” they are. But not everything that the slogans say is what it seems…

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A boy in a dress or a dres? The curious case of Serbia's Sister Milka

The story of Sister Milka, the Serbian mother who went viral claiming her son had to wear a dress to school in Germany. But was she telling the truth?

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Tales from Balkan Border Posts: "World Traveller"

What happened the first time I was in 4 countries in 24 hours. Bus, trains, automobiles... and a bizarre interrogation!

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The death of Lyudmila Zhivkova, Bulgaria's perennial murder mystery

44 years later and the death of Lyudmila Zhivkova, the ambitious, high-profile daughter of Bulgaria’s paramount leader Todor Zhivkov, continues to enthral the Bulgarian public. Who was Lyudmila Zhivkova and why is her death still subject to intense speculation?

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From muezzin to multi-millions. Hašim Kučuk Hoki, the ultimate in Balkan bad boys

This small-town boy from a prestigious Muslim family shook the Yugoslav Neo-Folk music scene in the 1970s. But he had more than dark sunglasses and long hair to keep the Yugoslav showbiz columns busy.

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I'm like every other woman who works from 7 to 3...

Did Dolly get the words wrong here? No, in ex-Yugoslavia the average work day is a bit different. Find out why here...

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Can you tell me the way to Dzordza Vasingtona St.?

Belgrade has new street signs with awkward translations... and people are laughing. Find out why translating street names is not a good idea.

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Bigger is better! The Balkans and 'Gastarbeiter houses'

Like virtual elephants in the room, the empty houses of emigrants throughout the Balkans are testimony to belonging, (no) return, nostalgia, "success"... and inat!

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Kumpir, the Balkans potato culinary gift to Türkiye

Or is it? On International Day of the Potato, let's look into one of Türkiye's most favourite street foods, and how the Balkans have the Austrians and Germans to thank for the apple, or pear, of the ground.

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"We're so tolerant!": Eurovision and the benchmarks of tolerance it (supposedly) sets

Many (western European) Eurovision fans like seeing the contest as being in the forefront of social change and liberal politics. But is Eurovision a reliable benchmark for these?

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Eurovision: 'The voting is all political and just for your neighbour'

That ultimate of Eurovision tropes! But is it really 'political' voting? Not in the Balkans...

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Princes Amongst Men: Journeys with Gypsy Musicians is back!

Garth Cartwright's award-winning book about the talented Roma music stars of the Balkans is getting a re-release!

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May Day and St George's Day in the Balkans

Southeast Europe is clocking out for the next days. Here's why...

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"Filled up 50 years, entered my 51st year and now in my sixth decade"

The way you can refer to age in ex-Yugoslavia is different than in English – they have to make you a year and decade older!

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My special tradition: dying eggs for Easter

If there is anything that I do for Easter, then it's dye eggs. It has a special significance for me that transcends any religious aspect.

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Eat that burek... it could be useful later on

How my experience growing up Balkan in Australia has provided valuable knowledge to others.

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14 February: St Valentine's Day or St Tryphon's Day? Sveti Valentin 💑 ili Sveti Trifun 🍷?

14 February in Bulgaria, Macedonia and Serbia means having to choose between love or wine. How come?

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Slovenian, the odd one out

I translate into English from all Southern Slavic languages except one. Sorry, I can't do Slovenian. Here's my apology.

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January 6 in Southeast Europe: Christmas Eve or Epiphany

Today is a big day in southeast Europe, but depending on the country it's either Christmas Eve or Epiphany. Which ones for which? Find out here...

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My moment of 2024...

There's always one thing each year that stands out in my travels, and this year it was accidently discovering the huge gastarbeiter houses of eastern Serbia

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Utopia of the Uniform: Affective Afterlives of the Yugoslav People's Army by Tanja Petrović

22 December was Yugoslav People's Day. Here are some notes about the topics raised in this research, my personal connection to the former JNA and how its legacy lives on in the memories and legends of millions.

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Professor, Doctor, Docent, Magister... let's get into academic titles!

Some societies take them very seriously, some not so much. Find out more here...

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Why are there so many Turkish words in Balkan languages?

Let's see how Turkish has influenced the languages of the Balkans and further afield. Bujrum!

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Trileche, the not-so-traditional Balkan dish

How thanks to the Albanians, a Latin American cake conquered the Balkans.

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"Can you identify the text here?"

Did you know that people regularly contact me to identify text they can't decipher. That's what happens when I know a number of languages.

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25 years since the death of Bulgarian chalga star Rumyana

How the life and death of a popular chalga singer embodied the nature of post-Communist Bulgaria

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Who's gonna win: Sunderland or Newcastle? Fancy a Democracy Sausage? Or take a ride on the "Bulgarian Train"

Vote-count competitions between rival cities? How a mundane sausage in generic white bread is the epitome of mass democratic participation in Australia. And why a Bulgarian train is not a train. The weird world of election traditions.

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Oldtajmer, evergrin, rekorder, golman… the world of Balkan pseudo-anglicisms

Did you hear about the man who collects “old-timers”? 👴🏽 Or that Frank Sinatra has many “evergreens”? 🌲

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Ramadan or Ramazan?

The Muslim holy month of Ramadan starts today, but how do you call the month? A case of local vs global of different circumstances

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International Women’s Day (IWD). A day of campaigning ♀ … or a day to buy flowers 💐

🪃 In Australia, IWD is a day of campaigning and awareness, elements that are much closer to the day’s original purpose of bringing mainstream attention to issues affecting women.

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Hugging and cheek-kissing in southeast Europe. The does and don’ts

Do you know what to do with hugging and cheek-kissing in southeast Europe? Do you know which countries kiss twice and others three times?

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Out today! Elixir, In the Valley at the End of Time

The latest book that I played a part in its fruition (no, I’m not in it this time), by my dear friend, the award-winning writer Kapka Kassabova, is now available for purchase.

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Da or 'ta? When you get things right by accident

Bilinguals and multilinguals do muddle their languages at times. But sometimes we might say something by accident... and it turns out to be the perfect response.

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Eurovision: not serving kant!

Eurovision likes to portray itself as in the forefront of social inclusion and diversity. However, the title of a Maltese song showed that there's only so far this goes.

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Do we really need self-service counters in 'Pirate', me mateys?

Ahoy, me hearties! What may appear as a community service actually serves to undermine the supposed primary purpose of such language provision.

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Child interpreters. Why are we getting them to do an adult's job?

Children who interpret for their family members who do not know the local language are often portrayed as heroes. But what do these children think?

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Hindi/Urdu and Balkan languages... the links between them

There are words that are the same in Hindi and Urdu as in Croatian and Romanian?! How can this be? Find out here...

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"Can you identify the text here?"

Did you know that people regularly contact me to identify text they can't decipher. That's what happens when I know a number of languages.

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Five common myths about raising bilingual children

Surprising as it may be, I was once a child, but one who happened to grow up in a multilingual environment but dominated by English.

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Two years as a Chartered Linguist!

Two years ago I attained the highest qualification for translators, Chartered Linguist. And I'm the only one in the UK for the languages I work from.

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If you know another language then you cannot be a bigot! Is this true?

Is there any truth that knowing another language eliminates any chance of you being a bigot?

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The Tale of Silyan: how subtitles can make or break a film

A classic case of how poor subtitles can fail a film. 'Good enough' is never good enough.

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Translation tip: what's with the scare marks?

It's the little things that can cause the biggest misunderstandings. Which one is very common in Balkan translations? Find out ere

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Let me fix this for you...

Ever seen a notice or ad in a public place written so badly that you've wanted to grab a pen and make corrections? Well, someone did on a Croatian tram. Here's the story...

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"Can we have the translation in a positive tone?"

Why such requests are unethical and potentially dangerous for patients

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Can you tell me the way to Dzordza Vasingtona St.?

Belgrade has new street signs with awkward translations... and people are laughing. Find out why translating street names is not a good idea.

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How the first Macedonian-English dictionary in Australia was formed

The fascinating story of how the first Macedonian-English dictionary in Australia was formed, and what went in and what went out.

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Leo, Leon or Lav?

A new pope comes with a new name. But which is the correct one in languages other than English?

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"Filled up 50 years, entered my 51st year and now in my sixth decade"

The way you can refer to age in ex-Yugoslavia is different than in English – they have to make you a year and decade older!

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"Vegetative electron microscopy"... a digital fossil

Welcome to the murky world of AI contamination and GIGO

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Can I do Hungarian?

That's quite a list of languages I translate from, but that doesn't mean I translate from every language in Eastern Europe, no matter how similar they may seem even in name...

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You know Latin, right?

The time when a person working for a translation company that bills itself to clients as an 'expert in languages' thought I knew Latin. Spoiler: I don't. So why did this happen and why does this have a link to Serbian? All revealed here.

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February marks my professional translation career anniversary

February 2002 was when I did my first paid translation job... and it ended up on TV! Find out how this came about, as well as its connection to Croatian skier Janica Kostelić and Bulgarian footballer Yordan Letchkov

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Child interpreters. Why are we getting them to do an adult's job?

Children who interpret for their family members who do not know the local language are often portrayed as heroes. But what do these children think?

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How to pass off as a native English speaker when writing?

What's one of the biggest giveaways that a text in English was not written by a native speaker? Find out here with a simple and yet important tip...

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Subtitling is easy, right?

Some notes on how subtitling is not simply plonking words on a screen

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My new personalised stamp!

To add to that professional touch, I can have your documents stamped with my personalised round stamp.

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Professor, Doctor, Docent, Magister... let's get into academic titles!

Some societies take them very seriously, some not so much. Find out more here...

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Serbo-Croatian? Yes, I still work from it.

3 decades have passed since it officially ceased to exist but I still get requests to translate from Serbo-Croatian. How come?

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I'm now a full member of the Chartered Institute of Linguists of the UK!

Yet another accreditation...

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Hindi/Urdu and Balkan languages... the links between them

There are words that are the same in Hindi and Urdu as in Croatian and Romanian?! How can this be? Find out here...

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Can the "world's most accurate translator" do Australian English?

Does DeepL live up to its claim of being "the world's most accurate translator" when it comes to Aussie English? Get ready for some zingers!

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The time US military officials used a computer to predict the outcome of the Vietnam War...

A cautionary tale about how human behaviour overrides data

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International Translation Day and the Dragomans

How the Ottoman Empire granted its translators and interpreters, the Dragomans, with respect and status.

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Meyk lov - not vor

Why you shouldn't trust automated translation on LinkedIn or anywhere else. And are the Macedonians being targeted?

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Any place, any time…

👍The best thing about being a freelance translator is being able to work at any place at any time. 👎The worst thing about being a freelancer translator is being able to work at any place at any time.

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English language translation tips: use of long forms of country names

Republic of Serbia 🇷🇸, Republic of Croatia 🇭🇷, Kingdom of Norway 🇳🇴, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 🇬🇧, Oriental Republic of Uruguay 🇺🇾, Plurinational State of Bolivia 🇧🇴 …

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If you know another language then you cannot be a bigot! Is this true?

Is there any truth that knowing another language eliminates any chance of you being a bigot?

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International Mother Language Day: "you're confusing him"

To show why mother languages matter, here's my story how educators in Australia tried stopping my parents speaking to me in my mother language.

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Careful, someone might hear you!

Think you can say vile things about the people around you because hardly anyone speaks your language? Think again! Because when you least suspect it, there'll be someone who does understand...

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SBS is 50!

Australia's unique multicultural broadcaster, SBS, turned 50 in 2025. Here's an insight into what SBS was like in the 1980s and how it enriched Australia, all of its people... and me.

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Up for a crazy coupon? How Bulgarians say they want to party...

Are you up for a crazy coupon where you're strutting your stuff on the "dancing"? Perhaps you're a "labour" or a "gender"? A sneak peak into some Bulgarian linguistic false friends

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A company by any other name than Nik?

Oil, banking, jewelry, optics, radio broadcasting, hard spirits... Nik does it all! But do I really?

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Dua Lipa and her "pasosh"

After many decades of Yugoslav rule, Albanian spoken in Kosovo, Macedonia and Montenegro has some Serbo-Croatian words, but particularly in certain areas. Which ones? And why is this not unique?

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Da or 'ta? When you get things right by accident

Bilinguals and multilinguals do muddle their languages at times. But sometimes we might say something by accident... and it turns out to be the perfect response.

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Are you into BCSM?

There once was one "Serbo-Croatian" but now there are four near-identical languages. Can we still use the term "Serbo-Croatian"? Well, it could cost you dearly...

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Do we really need self-service counters in 'Pirate', me mateys?

Ahoy, me hearties! What may appear as a community service actually serves to undermine the supposed primary purpose of such language provision.

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What's my 'mother language'?

International Mother Language Day and Global Language Advocacy Day are on! So what do I consider to be my 'mother languages' and why one of them is under threat...

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Subtitling is easy, right?

Some notes on how subtitling is not simply plonking words on a screen

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Indian and Australian English... the links between them

India and Australia have common bonds that go beyond a passion for cricket. Here are a few words that Indian and Australian English uniquely share...

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The time US military officials used a computer to predict the outcome of the Vietnam War...

A cautionary tale about how human behaviour overrides data

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"Merci" is how you say "thank you" in which language?

It may come as a surprise but it's not just in French...

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"Can you identify the text here?"

Did you know that people regularly contact me to identify text they can't decipher. That's what happens when I know a number of languages.

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You know that time when Madonna was interviewed by a Hungarian tabloid? Or when translation goes hilariously bad…

We all know how some translations can be so bad that they’re unintentionally hilarious, like the viral examples from Engrish.com...

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Working in IT? What do you call yourself? An IT-ian, a Hitechist…?

Working in IT? 👩🏻‍💻 Would you call yourself an IT-ian, Hitechist or Startupist?

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Watch out for the killer squirrels! It’s “silly season”… or is that “cucumber season”?

Watch out for the killer squirrels! 🐿️ We’re very much in “silly season” right now in the UK 🤪

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Tina Turner… Australian cultural icon!

Did you know that Tina Turner has been one of the biggest contributors to Australian culture? 🦘 Honestly, her impact has been huge! Here’s how…

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You do Montenegrin and Bosnian, right?

Two more language directions have been added to my Institute of Translation and Interpreting profile

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Generic or specific? The issue stopping the free-trade agreement between the EU and Australia

Would you believe that the names of all these famous products are the cause for the deadlock in the free-trade agreement negotiations between the EU 🇪🇺 and Australia 🇦🇺. How come?

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Smoker’s remorse… or how false friends can be deeply expressive

🟰 Words that look the same or similar in two languages but have two, at times radically, different meanings are called “false friends”.

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The personal touch

Translation can often be a very sedentary existence, plugging away in front of a laptop, with little or no face-to-face contact with clients👨🏻‍💻

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World Cancer Day: cancer scare!

Even after being cured of cancer and remission is over, there's still the threat of it coming back for around go. What to do with a new cancer scare?

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Cancer and gallows humour: Thank you for the flowers 💐; I hope they die before I do!

What's one constant when it comes to the cancer experience? It's the gallows humour. Yes, it gets very, very dark. Why is this so?

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15 years cancer-free!!!

And I know because of an annual procedure a work colleague advised me to do...

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It's Men's Health Week... and I'm 15 years cancer-free!!!

The story of how I found out by chance that I no longer had cancer

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